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The First King of Banten
Prince Hasanuddin bin Syarif Hidayatullah / Sunan Gunung Jati Cirebon was the first to formulate the power and power of Banten as a stand-alone country. Prince Hasanudin was the one who wanted Banten from Demak to become an independent kingdom. While in the period (1526-1552), Banten is the vazal kingdom of Demak Sultanate.
In the building, Hasanudin emphasized the spiritual and material fields. The spiritual field was pursued by the spread of Islam from 1515 to 1552. Meanwhile, the material field was carried out by maintaining and developing existing commercial and agricultural activities and maintaining Banten's position and role as a port city.
Banten commercial route is increasingly used by merchants, especially Muslim merchants, along with the fall of Malacca into the hands of the Portuguese in 1511. When Sunan Gunung Jati still holds power over Banten, he together with Fatahillah and Prince Hasanudin succeeded in controlling the most important port of the Sunda Kingdom, namely Sunda Kalapa, in 1527 to thwart the vulnerable Portuguese effort to occupy Java, as did the Portuguese population in the Straits of Malacca and Maluku. This success is marked by the change of name Sunda Kalapa into Jayakarta. The strategic value of this event is first, Banten plays a more important role and can attract pepper trade to its port; second, Banten had foiled the Portuguese effort under the leadership of Henrique de Leme who wanted to realize the agreement with the King of Sunda.
Some areas outside Java Island namely Lampung, Bengkulu, and Selebar bordering West Sumatra successfully incorporated into the region of Banten. this is done so that Banten can control all the waters of the Sunda Strait which is very strategic for the sake of shipping and trading Banten and aims to expand the pepper garden.
Maulana Hasanuddin died in 1570 and was buried next to the Great Mosque of Banten. Maulana Hasanudin was the person who built the Surosowan Palace and was known by his people as a very wise ruler. Therefore, after his death, his people gave the posthumous title of Prince Surosowan Panembahan Sabakinking. This nickname has a philosophical meaning that Maulana Hasanudi is very wise. Sepeninggalnya (Seda / Seba / Saba) Banten people mourn and miss the wisdom. (Kinking, longing for wisdom)
The second king of Banten
Maulana Hasanuddin was later succeeded by his son Maulana Yusuf as the second Banten ruler who ruled the year 1570-1580. His works include setting up Islamic boarding schools for the syiar of Islam in Banten, during his reign built the Keraton Surasowan wall and building "tandur" and irrigation experimental fields. His current government focused on urban development, regional security, trade, agriculture, and the expansion of the Sultanate of Banten. In an effort to expand the region, the rural areas of the Sunda kingdom, including the central government (Pakuan Pajajaran), successfully occupied by troops Banten assisted by Cirebon successfully brought the Stone Coronation of Kings to Banten, namely Watu Gilang. The conquered ponggawa then diislamkan and allowed to hold his original position. Thus, the feared security disturbance coming from Pajajaran has been reduced. Maulana Yusuf can focus more on developing economic and agricultural sectors. The next process is the establishment of the boundary of power between Banten and Cirebon, the Citarum River from the estuary to the hinterland (Cianjur now).
The third time of King of Banten
After the death of Maulana Yusuf, the Sultanate of Banten was hit by a conflict over the throne. Muhammad Nasrudin as the son of Maulana Yusuf was only nine when Maulana Yusuf died. Prince Jepara feels himself more entitled to the throne of Banten because he is the younger brother of Maulana Yusuf one mother and more mature and competent than his little nephew. But the efforts of Prince Jepara successfully stopped, because the full support of the cleric to Maulana Muhammad to occupy the Banten throne even though he was not old enough. To ensure the continuity of his power, all matters of government are handled by Mangkubumi and as the ruler of Banten, Maulana Muhammad is under the guidance of a kadi (Supreme Judge).
Thus, Maulana Muhammad occupied the Banten throne in place of Maulana Yusuf who later held Kanjeng Ratu Banten Surosowan or Prince Ratu ing Banten (1580-1596). Maulana Muhammad intends to develop the business of the Sultanate of Banten by controlling the route of the voyage to and from the Malacca Strait, but before he succeeds he first dies in Palembang. After being buried in the porch of the Great Mosque of Banten, Maulana Muhammad became known as King Seda ing Palembang or Pangeran Seda ing Rana.
The Fourth of the King / Sultan of Banten to 4
After the death of Maulana Muhammad, the throne of the Sultanate of Banten was handed over to Abul Mafakhir Mahmud Abdul Kadir who was only five months old. So up to the maturity of the leadership of the Sultanate of Banten is held by the guardian of his guardian as Patih Mangkubumi Sultanate of Banten.
In January 1624, Sultan Abdul Mufakhir Mahmud Abdulkadir (1596-1651) entirely held power over the Sultanate of Banten, as he was seen as mature enough. After holding the throne of the Sultanate of Banten, the field of agriculture, shipping, and public health became the main concern of this Banten Sultan. In addition, he also managed to establish diplomatic relations with other countries, especially with Islamic countries. Sultan Abdul Mufakhir can be assertive for example he rejected the Dutch VOC's willingness to force a trade monopoly in Banten.
The VOC's desire to monopolize pepper trade is a source of conflict between Banten and the VOC. The conflict has sharpened, in line with the strengthening of the VOC position in Batavia since 1619. To realize this desire, the VOC imposed a blockade on the Banten commercial port by banning and intercepting junks from China and boats from Maluku who would trade to the port of Banten. This blockade caused the Banten port to be undeveloped, prompting the Banten people to provoke the VOC by being "pirates" in the sea and "robbers" on land. This action was responded by VOC by expedition to Tanam, Anyer, Lampung, and Banten City itself blocked many times. This situation led to a war between Banten and the VOC in November 1633. Six years later, the two sides signed a peace agreement even though for the next two decades their relationship remained tense.
In 1636, he and his crown prince, of Sharif Makkah with the authorization of the Turkish Sultanate, gave the Sultan a title to him and the crown prince. Thus he was the first Islamic King in the archipelago to officially use the title of Sultan.
He is also a pious scholar of Ulama and an expert in the field of Sufism. He left a paper entitled Insan Kamil
On March 10, 1651 he died and was buried at Kenari Cemetery in Banten
The fifth period of the King / Sultan of Banten
In 1636, Sharif of Mecca at
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